The Small Intestinal Microbiota: An Emerging Player in Gastrointestinal Health
Recent research published in Trends in Microbiology journal by scientists from the University of Lausanne has clarified new data concerning the small intestinal microbiota (SIM). This study highlights the importance of recent advances in sampling and -omics techniques, which have enabled a more thorough characterization of the SIM.
The small intestinal microbiota (SIM) and the sites of absorption of nutrients. Credits: Yersin, S., & Vonaesch, P. (2024). Trends in Microbiology.
The SIM, a vital component of gastrointestinal health, has long been challenging to study due to sampling limitations and ethical considerations. However, this new research reveals significant findings:
Core Microbiota
The SIM consists of a core microbiota present throughout the small intestinal tract, complemented by segment-specific taxa.
This nuanced understanding provides crucial understanding of the dynamics of the SIM ecosystem.
Functional Roles
The SIM plays key roles in crucial metabolic processes such as carbohydrate degradation, amino acid metabolism, lipid absorption, and micronutrient metabolism.
These functions highlight its importance in overall digestive health and nutrient absorption.
Bacterial Overgrowth
The study identifies two distinct subgroups of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: small intestinal oral bacterial overgrowth (SIOBO) and coliform small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). SIOBO, characterized by an overgrowth of oropharyngeal Gram-positive bacteria, may contribute to conditions such as environmental enteric dysfunction and linear growth delay.
This research increases the understanding of the complexities of the SIM and its implications for human health, allowing new targeted interventions and therapies aimed at optimizing gastrointestinal health.
Dr. Pascale, Vonaesch, lead author of the study, will join Targeting Microbiota 2024 this October to clarify the association of the small intestinal microbiota and disease, and highlight the importance of developing interventions.
International Society of Microbiota
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